Protecting Indonesia’s Marine Biodiversity for Future Generations

Conserving 30% of Indonesia’s Seas by 2045

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VISION

MPA & OECM Vision 2045

The MPA & OECM Vision 2045 is Indonesia’s long-term plan to protect and manage 30% of its marine area, covering around 97.5 million hectares, by the year 2045. This vision provides a clear framework for strengthening marine conservation while supporting the sustainable use of marine resources and improving the well-being of coastal communities.

The vision integrates Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), which are conservation zones designated by national or provincial authorities, and Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs), which include customary, community-managed, or privately managed areas that contribute to marine biodiversity protection.

Through this vision, Indonesia aims to safeguard vital ecosystems such as coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrass beds while balancing biodiversity conservation with sustainable fisheries, climate resilience, and economic development. Achieving this target will require collaboration among government, communities, civil society, and other partners.

Featured MPAs

These MPAs have demonstrated strong performance in sustainability, management, and ecological impact. Each has been recognized through national evaluations, including the EVIKA (Evaluation of Management Effectiveness of Aquatic Conservation Areas) assessment, and represents a model of effective and inclusive marine conservation.

See more MPA sites

  • Raja Ampat MPA

  • Savu Sea MPA

  • Gili Matra MPA

The Beauty of MPA Sites in Indonesia

  • Enjoy the beauty of the sea and coral reefs in Central Sulawesi in Banggai District.
  • A group of dugongs (sea cows) swimming and surfacing for air off Sangihe Island, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. These marine mammals are protected under international habitat regulations.
  • Southeast Asia, Panoramic view of the beach, mountains and mangroves seen from above in the Liquica area, East Timor.
  • Over Under shot of a healthy coral reef in shallow water in front of a pier / jetty of a tropical paradise island in Raja Ampat, Indonesia.
  • Panorama of Kelingking Beach in Nusa Penida island, Bali, Indonesia.
  • Beautiful scenery from Alor, Indonesia.
  • Schooling Chromis (Damselfish) and a gorgonian sea fan coral on a reef seen scuba diving in Raja Ampat, Indonesia.
  • Burning Sunrise in Sanur Beach, Bali, Indonesia with the shoreline and the shelter behind.
  • Steephead Parrotfish (Chlorurus microrhinos)

    • Indonesia’s Marine Protected Areas

    As of February 2025, Indonesia has designated over 400 MPAs covering 29.3 million hectares, representing 91.6% of the 2030 target and 30% of the 2045 target.

    The Collective 2045 Target

    Contribution to GDP related to MPAs & OECMs
    Million hectares of potential OECMs

    Certified conservation area managers

    COMPLEMENTARY CONSERVATION

    Beyond Traditional MPAs: OECMs

    Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs) are marine areas outside officially designated conservation zones that nonetheless deliver biodiversity conservation outcomes. Unlike Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), where conservation is the primary objective, OECMs may serve other purposes—such as sustainable use, customary practices, or economic activity—but must demonstrably safeguard ecosystems and species over the long term. Many are governed through indigenous traditions, local community agreements, or co-management systems that have proven effective in protecting marine environments while supporting livelihoods.

    Learn More About OECMs
    Conservation impact infographic showing biodiversity benefits

    Legal Framework

    Indonesia’s marine conservation efforts are supported by comprehensive legal frameworks that balance conservation objectives with sustainable use and community rights. These regulations provide the foundation for achieving the MPA Vision 2045 targets. 

    This foundational regulation establishes the legal framework for expanding Indonesia’s marine conservation network. It defines governance structures, funding mechanisms, and coordination protocols among ministries while ensuring meaningful participation from coastal communities and indigenous groups.

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    This comprehensive law provides the overarching legal basis for marine and fisheries management in Indonesia. It integrates conservation objectives with sustainable fisheries practices, establishing zones for different uses while protecting critical marine habitats and biodiversity.

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    This regulation details the management framework for marine conservation areas, including zoning systems, permissible activities, and monitoring protocols. It emphasizes adaptive management approaches and science-based decision making while respecting traditional use rights.

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    These guidelines establish criteria for recognizing Other Effective Conservation Measures in Indonesia’s waters. They provide a framework for identifying areas that contribute to conservation outcomes while maintaining sustainable practices, including traditional management systems and community-based conservation initiatives.

    Download

    • MPA & OECM Vision 2045 Pocket Book

    MPA & OECM Vision 2045 Pocket Book is a summary of Indonesia’s strategy to protect 30% of its marine area by 2045. It highlights the importance of marine conservation for biodiversity, fisheries, climate action, and sustainable ocean governance.

    Get involved!

    Join the National MPA – OECM Forum

    The forum is a collaborative platform that connects government, communities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), academics, the private sector, and the general public. Everyone is welcome to join, share their voice, and learn together to help protect Indonesia’s marine ecosystems, support sustainable fisheries, and build resilient coastal environments.

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    SIDAKO

    Sistem Database Konservasi

    Click here to access SIDAKO

    News

    Stay informed with our latest news and updates

    • Tempo

      KKP Kejar Target Perluasan Kawasan Konservasi Melalui MPA dan OECM
      August 20, 2025
      INFO NASIONAL – Indonesia kembali menegaskan komitmennya menjaga dan mengelola kekayaan keanekaragaman hayati laut sejalan dengan target nasional maupun global.
      Read More
    • Mongabay

      Wilayah Kelola Masyarakat, Bisa Diakui Lewat OECM?
      July 9, 2025
      Peran masyarakat pesisir, khususnya nelayan kecil dalam menjaga laut, sangatlah krusial di Indonesia. Mereka garda terdepan yang berinteraksi langsung dengan…
      Read More
    • ANTARA News

      Indonesia Reaffirms Sustainable Ocean Management Commitment at UNOC-3
      June 23, 2025
      Jakarta (ANTARA) – The Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries reiterated Indonesia’s commitment to sustainable ocean management at the 3rd…
      Read More
    View All News

    Partners in Marine Protection

    A collaborative effort between the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries and the MPA and OECM Consortium, a coalition of leading non-governmental organizations. The partnership focuses on developing and managing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs) to safeguard marine biodiversity, promote sustainable fisheries, and strengthen climate resilience.