Indonesia’s 30×45 Commitment: Goals, Challenges, and Collective Action
Advancing Equitable and Effective Protection of Marine and Coastal Areas in Indonesia
Indonesia, through the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF), has committed to conserving 30% of its marine waters—equivalent to 97.5 million hectares—by 2045. This long-term national target, known as “30×45”, aligns with the global biodiversity target under the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, which calls for the protection of 30% of the planet’s land and sea by 2030.
As part of this commitment, Indonesia has developed a phased strategy, which includes an intermediate goal: by 2028, the necessary enabling conditions will be in place to ensure the effective and equitable conservation of at least 10% of its marine area through Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs). This effort builds on its MPA Vision 2030 Roadmap to protect 10% or 32.5 million hectares of its marine waters by 2030. This roadmap laid out seven Areas of Work (AOWs) that are critical for progress:
The Seven Areas of Work
This roadmap laid out seven Areas of Work (AOWs) that are critical for progress. This conservation agenda aims to deliver multiple benefits, including biodiversity protection, blue carbon preservation, and sustainable livelihoods for coastal communities.
Integrated Planning, Programming, and Budgeting
Building Human Resources, Competence, and Capacity
Strengthening Legal and Regulatory Framework
Promoting Sustainable Use in Marine Protected Areas
Securing sustainable Financing
Supporting Community-led Conservation (OECM)
Communications, Coordination, and Outreach Platform
The MPA and OECM Consortium
To support the implementation of its long-term goal, MMAF collaborates with six non-governmental organizations (NGOs)—Coral Triangle Center (CTC), WWF Indonesia, Konservasi Indonesia, Rekam Nusantara Foundation, RARE Indonesia, and Pesisir Lestari Indonesia—through the MPA and OECM Consortium. The Consortium works collectively under the framework of the MPA Vision 20230 Roadmap and the 30×45 goal, with a focus on implementing the seven strategic AOWs that are critical in advancing these efforts.
Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities
Indonesia has conserved 29.3 million hectares—9% of its marine waters—but to meet its 2045 goal, an additional 68.2 million hectares must be secured. This target comes with challenges: climate change, limited funding, enforcement gaps, and competing uses of marine space. It also presents opportunities to build ecosystem resilience, support coastal communities, and strengthen collaboration.
Marine Biodiversity at Risk
Indonesia’s rich marine ecosystems face multiple threats from climate change and human activities.
Limited Funding Resources
Conservation efforts require sustainable financing mechanisms and innovative solutions.
Cross-sector Collaboration
Successful marine conservation requires coordination across government, communities, and industry.
Key Benefits
The 30×45 initiative will deliver far-reaching benefits:
Environmental Protection
Protecting Indonesia’s marine ecosystems is key to maintaining biodiversity, strengthening climate resilience, and preserving ecological heritage. Through habitat protection and improved governance, the 30×45 initiative is securing the ocean’s ability to support life.
Key environmental benefits include:
- Conservation of critical ecosystems such as coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrass beds
- Enhanced climate resilience through the preservation of blue carbon ecosystems
- Improved monitoring systems using satellite data, AI, and vessel tracking
- Stronger science-based planning with updated technical guidelines
- Trained and equipped MPA management teams across the archipelago
- Reduced environmental threats through better enforcement and surveillance
- Alignment of marine protection with national law and spatial plans
Economic Development
Sustainable marine conservation contributes to economic resilience by supporting fisheries, creating livelihood opportunities, and attracting investment. By aligning protection efforts with sustainable use, the 30×45 initiative helps build a strong ocean-based economy.
Key economic benefits include:
- Support for sustainable fisheries, ensuring long-term resource availability and food security
- Growth in eco-friendly tourism that respects carrying capacity and local ecosystems
- Opportunities for conservation-related employment in monitoring, protection, and sustainable use
- Innovative financing mechanisms, including blue carbon schemes and blended funding models
- Alignment with blue economy goals, promoting inclusive, long-term marine resource use
- Potential to attract investment through improved governance and cross-sector coordination
Community Wellbeing
Inclusive conservation strengthens community wellbeing by protecting resources, respecting traditional practices, and supporting local leadership. The 30×45 initiative promotes equitable, community-based stewardship of marine and coastal areas.
Key community benefits include:
- Improved food security through protection of fisheries and marine resources
- Preservation of traditional fishing grounds and community-based access rights
- Empowerment of local management systems, including customary law areas
- Capacity-building for local livelihoods, including training in tourism and fisheries
- Increased public participation through open data platforms and transparent governance
- Strengthened local stewardship and co-management of marine and coastal areas
Download Area
MPA Vision 2030
The Marine Protected Areas (MPA) Vision 2030 document represents the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries’ commitment to conserving Indonesia’s marine biodiversity through the development and management of Marine Protected Areas. With an integrated strategy and blue economy principles, this document serves as a guide for stakeholders to achieve national conservation targets, ensuring ecological sustainability and economic benefits for present and future generations.
Official document of the roadmap for Indonesia’s marine conservation until 2030. Available in two languages:
MPA OECM Vision 2045 (Bahasa Indonesia)
The Marine Protected Areas and Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECM) Vision 2045 is an updated and expanded strategy building upon the MPA Vision 2030, which previously focused solely on Marine Protected Areas. In this document, the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries reaffirms its commitment to conserving 30% of Indonesia’s ocean area by 2045 through a combined approach involving both MPAs and OECMs. Anchored in the blue economy and sustainable ocean management, this vision provides a roadmap toward a healthy, productive, and inclusive marine future for current and future generations.